In the year of 2018, we collected the samples at Taxkorgan county, Kashgar district, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. Taxkorgan county is where the Pamir Plateau located in China. Nearly all this county is on the plateau. The average elevation of this county is more the 4000 m above the sea level. And the lowest part of the county is 3100 m above the sea level. In total, 204 samples were collected in Pamir Plateau this time. The samples collected from several different species which including cattle, yak, sheep, goat, donkey, horse and chicken. Each samples have 3-4 repetitions. For each animal, we recorded the id number, species, sex, date of sample collection, GPS coordination and elevation. Also three mateched images, i.e. from head, hoof or feet and whole body, were took for each animal. All the samples taken from the animal are the blood samples. They were keep into the refrigerator until they were finally tranfered and stored in the germplasm recourses bank.
XU Feng, WANG Muyang
To analyzing the demographic history and the genetic mechanism underlying local adaptation of the domestic Equus animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding regions and building a genetic resources bank of Equus in Pan-Third Pole, we resequenced 236 domestic Equus animal samples collected until 2018, including Tibet horse, Tibet ass, domestic horses and donkeys in the plains. By applying mitochondrial DNA sequencing and D-loop sequencing on 75 samples, including 73 ass and two horses, , a batch of genetic and genome data were generated. It provides basic genetic data to analysis on domestication, immigration and expansion of domestic animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Meanwhile it helps better understand the adaption of domestic Equus animal to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau environment.
LI Yan
Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi were tested by nested PCR on domestic animals (405 fecal samples from yaks, Tibetan sheep, camels and horses, etc.) in the areas covered by the qinghai-tibet plateau mainly in Tibet and qinghai.1. The overall infection rate of cryptosporidium was 2.96% (12/405), and the detection rate of camels, Tibetan sheep and yaks in qinghai was divided into 15%, 9.8% and 3.1%.The detection rate of yaks in yunnan was 3.1%.No other domestic animals were found in Tibet or yunnan.Two cryptosporidium subspecies were detected in qinghai camels, among which c. ovis subtype was the first detected in camels.C.ryanae subtype was first detected in yaks in yunnan.The overall detection rate of E. bieneusi in domestic animals in qinghai-tibet plateau was 19.75% (80/405), and a total of 9 known subtypes and a new subtype (YN) were detected.The highest detection rate was for camels (45%) in qinghai, followed by Mongolian sheep (42.1%), yak (37.5%), horse (15.62%) and Tibetan sheep (7.3%).The detection rate of Tibetan sheep in Tibet was 10.8%.The detection rates of goats and cattle in yunnan were 36% and 25.7% respectively.CAM2 subtype was first detected in qinghai horses and CAM1 subtype was first detected in yaks.A new subtype YN was detected in yunnan cattle.
ZHANG Zhichao, DUAN Ziyuan
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third pole area), and clarify its related genetic background. In 2020, we extracted the total DNA from 201 global chicken blood, tissue and other DNA tissue samples, built a database and sequenced the whole genome. At the same time, we downloaded the published chicken genome data, and carried out population analysis of 863 chicken genomes, so as to provide basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of domestic chickens in the pan third pole region, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to harsh environments such as drying. Articles related to this data set have been published. All data in this data set can be downloaded online from fastq, BAM, VCF and SNP files.
PENG Minsheng
Ochotona curzoniae is a small herbivorous animal peculiar to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which mainly inhabits the open alpine meadow, grassland and desert grassland with an altitude of 2800-5000 meters. In this sub project (2019QZKK05010212), plateau pika, a small constant temperature mammal that is extremely sensitive to environmental changes, is proposed to be selected as the representative to compare the differences in morphology, physiology and life history of pika populations at different altitudes on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and adjacent areas through field surveys. This data set includes individual photos, habitat photos and work photos taken in Qinghai in 2020 and Maduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region in 2021, including more than 10 photos of plateau pika caves and one pika activity video.
ZHANG Xueying
Plateau pika is a key species of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and an indigenous species formed with the uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. During the long-term evolution, it has evolved a unique life history strategy to adapt to the extreme environment of the plateau. This sub project (2019QZKK05010410) investigates the distribution area of plateau pika, analyzes its population fluctuation rule and its influencing factors in the context of global climate change, and discusses the ecological significance of plateau pika in the alpine meadow ecosystem. This data set contains the information table of 213 plateau zokor tissue samples collected in Gonghe County, Guinan County, Hainan Prefecture, and Maqin County, Golog Prefecture, Qinghai Province in 2020, including species, collection place, collection time, collection person, sample type and other information. The information table is named after the sub subject number - year - group and opened in excel
QU Jiapeng
In order to find out the current resource quantity, distribution and utilization status of Tibetan yaks and lay a foundation for the conservation and utilization of the diversity of Tibetan yaks, this sub project (2019QZKK05010705) will investigate the genetic resources of yaks and collect tissue samples in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2021-2022, including Chawula yaks (20), Jiangda yaks (21), Uqi like yaks (65), Pali yaks (20), Sibu yaks (20) Tibetan alpine yaks (20 heads). This data set includes 6 tissue sample information tables, photos and videos. The information table records information such as gender, age, weight, body height, sampling place, etc. The photos include individual appearance photos, habitat photos, and work videos.
XIN Jinwei
In order to complete the investigation of Tibetan sheep resources on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas and master the current situation of Tibetan sheep resources, the investigation of Tibetan sheep germplasm resources will be carried out in Maqu County and Xiahe County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province in 2020, and 500 blood and tissue samples will be collected. This data set contains a tissue sample information table, including species, species, collection place, collection time, sample type and other information, which is stored in excel format. Take 100 individual photos, 10 habitat photos, 9 work photos and 2 videos. Photos are stored in jpg format and videos are stored in mp4 format. 50000 genotype data are generated for each individual, and the SNP genome typing data of 500 individuals in total are stored in "ped" and "map" formats.
LI Menghua
In order to complete the investigation of Tibetan sheep resources on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas and master the current situation of Tibetan sheep resources, the investigation of Tibetan sheep germplasm resources will be carried out in Qinghai, Gansu, Qinghai, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Xinjiang and Sichuan from 2021-2022, and 1021 blood and tissue samples will be collected. This data set contains a tissue sample information table, including species, species, collection place, collection time, sample type and other information, which is stored in excel format. 230 individual photos, 61 habitat photos, 22 work photos and 6 videos were taken. Photos are stored in jpg format and videos are stored in mp4 format. 50000 genotype data are generated for each individual, and the SNP genome typing data of 1000 individuals in total are stored in "ped" and "map" formats.
LI Menghua
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of important livestock and poultry germplasm resources in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify their related genetic background, and establish a corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2022, the survey of genetic resources of domestic animals will be carried out in Jiulong County, Hongyuan County and Xiangcheng County of Sichuan Province, and 484 blood and tissue samples of sheep, yaks, goats, dogs, pigs and cattle will be collected, 40 sheep feces samples, 2 RNA samples of Tibetan chickens and 3 RNA samples of Tibetan pigs will be collected. This data set includes 1 sample information table and 685 individual photos, 12 work photos, 5 habitat photos and 12 work videos. The sample information table contains basic sample information such as species, varieties, detailed sampling places, sample types, collection time, collectors, and storage methods, which are stored in excel form. Photos are stored in jpg format and videos are stored in MP4 format.
PENG Minsheng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of important livestock and poultry germplasm resources in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify their related genetic background, and establish a corresponding genetic resource bank. During 2019-2022, 2167, 1056 and 516 tissue samples of local Tibetan sheep and fine wool sheep were collected in Gangca County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, and 2074 and 1548 lambing records were recorded. This data set includes 3 tissue sample information tables and 2 lambing record information tables. The organization sample information table records the variety, collection place, collection time, sample type and other information. The lambing record information table records the variety, detailed sampling place, sex, date of birth, birth weight and other information. The information table is stored in excel form.
ZHAO Kai
Data on soil bacterial diversity of grassland in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The samples were collected from July to August 2017, including 120 samples of alpine meadow, typical grassland and desert grassland. The soil surface samples were collected and stored in ice bags, and then transported back to the ecological laboratory of the Beijing Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute. The soil DNA was extracted by MO BIO PowerSoil DNA kit. The 16S rRNA gene fragment amplification primers were 515F (5 '- GTGCCAAGCCGGTAA-3') and 806R (5 ´ GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT-3 ´). The amplified fragments were sequenced by Illumina Miseq PE250. The original data is analyzed by Qiime software, and the sequence classification is based on the Silva128 database. Sequences with a similarity of more than 97% are clustered into an operation classification unit (OTU). This data systematically compares the bacterial diversity of soil microorganisms in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau transect, which is of great significance to the study of the distribution of microorganisms in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
KONG Weidong
This data includes bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence data from 25 lakes in the middle of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The sample was collected from July to August 2015, and the surface water was sampled three times with a 2.5 liter sampler. The samples were immediately taken back to the Ecological Laboratory of the Beijing Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, and the salinity gradient of the salt lake was 0.14~118.07 g/L. This data is the result of amplification sequencing. Concentrate the lake water to 0.22 at 0.6 atm filtration pressure μ The 16S rRNA gene fragment amplification primers were 515F (5 '- GTGCCAAGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 909r (5 '- GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3'). The Illumina MiSeq PE250 sequencer was used for end-to-end sequencing. The original data was analyzed by Mothur software. The sequence was compared with the Silva128 database and divided into operation classification units (OTUs) with 97% homology. This data can be used to analyze the microbial diversity of lakes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
KONG Weidong
This data includes the distribution data of soil bacteria in Namco region of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which can be used to explore the seasonal impact of fencing and grazing on soil microorganisms in Namco region. The sample was collected from May to September 2015, and the soil samples were stored in ice bags and transported back to the Ecological Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research; This data is the result of amplification sequencing, using MoBio Powersoil ™ Soil DNA was extracted with DNA isolation kit, and the primers were 515F (5 '- GTGCCAAGCGCCGGTAA-3') and 806R (5'GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT-3 '). The amplified fragments were sequenced by Illumina Miseq PE250. The original data is analyzed by Qiime software, and then the similarity between sequences is calculated, and the sequences with a similarity of more than 97% are clustered into an OTU. The Greengenes reference library is used for sequence alignment to remove the sequence that only appears once in the database. The soil moisture content and soil temperature were measured by a soil hygrometer, and the soil pH was measured by a pH meter (Sartorius PB-10, Germany). The soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3 −) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) concentrations were extracted with 2 M KCl (soil/solution, 1:5), and analyzed with a Smartchem200 discrete automatic analyzer. This data set is of great significance to the study of soil microbial diversity in arid and semi-arid grasslands.
KONG Weidong
The data set of bacterial post-treatment products and conventional water quality parameters of some lakes in the third pole in 2015 collected the bacterial analysis results and conventional water quality parameters of some lakes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau during 2015. Through sorting, summarizing and summarizing, the bacterial post-treatment products of some lakes in the third pole in 2015 are obtained. The data format is excel, which is convenient for users to view. The samples were collected by Mr. Ji mukan from July 1 to July 15, 2015, including 28 Lakes (bamuco, baimanamuco, bangoso (Salt Lake), Bangong Cuo, bengcuo, bieruozhao, cuo'e (Shenza), cuo'e (Naqu), dawaco, dangqiong Cuo, dangjayong Cuo, Dongcuo, eyaco, gongzhucuo, guogencuo, jiarehbu Cuo, mabongyong Cuo, Namuco, Nier CuO (Salt Lake), Norma Cuo, Peng yancuo (Salt Lake), Peng Cuo, gun Yong Cuo, Se lincuo, Wu rucuo, Wu Ma Cuo, Zha RI Nan Mu Cuo, Zha Xi CuO), a total of 138 samples. The extraction method of bacterial DNA in lake water is as follows: the lake water is filtered onto a 0.45 membrane, and then DNA is extracted by Mo bio powerOil DNA kit. The 16S rRNA gene fragment amplification primers were 515f (5'-gtgccagcmgcgcggtaa-3') and 909r (5'-ggactachvggtwtctaat-3'). The sequencing method was Illumina miseq PE250. The original data were analyzed by mothur software, including quality filtering and chimera removal. The sequence classification was based on the silva109 database. The archaeal, eukaryotic and unknown source sequences had been removed. OTU classifies with 97% similarity and then removes sequences that appear only once in the database. Conventional water quality detection parameters include dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, redox potential, nonvolatile organic carbon, total nitrogen, etc. The dissolved oxygen is determined by electrode polarography; Conductivity meter is used for conductivity; Salinity is measured by a salinity meter; TDS tester is used for total dissolved solids; ORP online analyzer was used for redox potential; TOC analyzer is used for non-volatile organic carbon; The water quality parameters of total nitrogen were obtained by Spectrophotometry for reference.
YE Aizhong
The original TIFF files of figure 1-100 of the monograph 'The Batrisini of Tibet: unveiling an enigmatic ant-loving beetle diversity at Earth’s “Third Pole” (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)' are uploaded.
YIN Ziwei
In order to study the population evolution history and local adaptive genetic mechanism of the main domesticated equine animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, and to establish the corresponding germplasm genetic resource bank. We sequenced the equine samples collected in Qinghai Province, Tibet Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Autonomous Region from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas, including Tibetan donkey, plain donkey and other breeds. Sequencing includes denove and resequencing data, which provides data for tracing the historical events of domestication, migration, expansion and other groups of the main equine domesticated animals in the region, and further exploring the adaptation mechanism of equine animals to the harsh environment such as hypoxia, cold, and dryness. At the same time, all tissues of domestic donkeys were sequenced, including hifi genome data and HIC genome data, to prepare for the assembly of complete donkey genome and facilitate subsequent analysis.
LI Yan
Through the scientific research work in 2019 and 2020, the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Task 5 Theme 3 Topic 4 Lichen Scientific Research Team (2019QZKK050304) has supplemented the collection of a large number of lichen collection gaps in the Tibetan Plateau region. 2019 scientific research conducted in-depth lichen biodiversity examination for the first time in the Ali region in northern Tibet, and in 2020, fieldwork and specimen collection will be conducted in the lichen collection gap areas of Hoh Xil and Sanjiangyuan. These expeditions have unveiled the mystery of lichen composition in the Tibetan Plateau region and filled the gaps in the domestic collection of this region. This dataset contains information on 10,283 lichen specimens collected from July 2019 to September 2020 in Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, and Yunnan Province, including information on collection habitat, collection time, collector, latitude and longitude, altitude, and Latin scientific name. Contains 4,328 specimen photos, including lichen specimen No. 815 in 2019 with 2,425 photos and specimen No. 543 in 2020 with 1,903 photos. The physical specimens are stored in the Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS (KUN). Specimen collection information and field ecological photographs are synchronized between various databases, including the Biotracks database and the KUN herbarium database, to facilitate later research, collation and query by relevant personnel. The specimens are now sorted by time, region and genus name and stored separately in the KUN herbarium to facilitate subsequent studies, and the corresponding molecular materials are preserved or molecular sequences are obtained, laying a good material basis for subsequent taxonomic and systematics studies of the specimens. DNA extraction and systematic taxonomic studies of various groups are also being carried out.
WANG Xinyu
The dataset contains microbial amplicon sequencing data from a total of 269 ice samples collected from 15 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau from November 2016 to August 2020, including 24K Glacier (24K), Dongkemadi Glacier (DKMD), Dunde Glacier (DD), Jiemayangzong Glacier (JMYZ), Kuoqionggangri Glacier (KQGR), Laigu Glacier (LG), Palung 4 Glacier (PL4), Qiangtang 1 Glacier (QT), Qiangyong Glacier (QY), Quma Glacier (QM), Tanggula Glacier (TGL), Xiagangjiang Glacier (XGJ), Yala Glacier (YA), Zepugou Glacier (ZPG), ZhufengDongrongbu Glacier (ZF). The sampling areas ranged in latitude and longitude from 28.020°N to 38.100°N and 86.28°E to 95.651°E. The 16s rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 515F/907R (or 515F/806R) primers and sequenced with the Illumina Hiseq2500 sequencing platform to obtain raw data. The selected primer sequences were "515F_GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA; 907R_CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT" "515F_GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG; 806R_ GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT". The uploaded data include: sample number, sample description, sampling time, latitude and longitude coordinates, sample type, sequencing target, sequencing fragment, sequencing primer, sequencing platform, data format and other basic information. The sequencing data are stored in sequence file data format forward *.1.fq.gz and reverse *.2.fq.gz compressed files.
LIU Yongqin
In 2021， the birds along elevation gradients in Gangrigabu Mountains were investigated by point count method. With a 400-meter elevational gradient, elevation zones were set up in the survey area. Five elevation zones were built in the north slope from TongMai Town to Galong Temple in Bome County, and 8 elevation zones were built in the south slope from Jiefang Bridge to Galongla in Medog County. So that we can make clear about the pattern and maintenance mechanism of bird diversity along elevation gradients in this region. The data of bird diversity and distribution will be used to further explore the key scientific issues such as the impact of climate change on bird diversity and adaptation strategies, and the response and protection strategies of bird species diversity under the global climate change.
WANG Jie
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